Four Stages of Mentoring

The four following stages develop during the relationship, but not always in a linear way.

Stage 1

• Initiation
  The checking out stage, building bonds of trust and entering the young person's context through demonstrating care and respect
• Mentor Skills
  Genuineness, listening, acknowledging, warm, open and non-controlling communication.

Stage 2

• Cultivation
  Developing a clear and distinct role, separate from other significant adults.
• Mentor Skills
  Assisting with critical analysis of situations.
  Consideration of options, consequences and possible solutions.
  Empathy for student experiences, but also their feelings and emotions.
  Keeping the student at the centre of decision-making and growth.

Stage 3

• Transformation
  When the student starts taking responsibility for actions and is able to reflect with the mentor about the effectiveness of decisions.
• Mentor Skills
  Feedback and goal-setting.
  Encouraging the self belief that motivates planning for the future

Stage 4

• Separation
  The art of helping the student "let go" by acting independently on their learning without a sense of rejection.
• Mentor Skills
  Making learning explicit, by noting specific progress.
  Expressing pride in what the student has achieved.

Source: Pascarelli J (1998): in Goodlad S (a) Mentoring and Tutoring, Kogan Page Ltd, London, pp 231-243