• Active Listening Showing involvement and understanding
• Encouraging Through empathetic expressions and body language 
• Observing Paying attention to unspoken messages and hints 
• Mirroring Summarising what has been expressed in feelings and words 
• Asking Questions For clarification and more information 
• Decentring Seeing things from a student's pint of view 
• Shifting Context Showing how things can be different 
• Focus On basic principles and fundamental truths

Source: Adapted from Barnes & Stiasny (ed) 1995: Mentoring: Making It Work. Hobbs, The Printers, Hampshire, 1995.